The integrity, connectivity and resilience of all ecosystems are maintained, enhanced, or restored, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by 2050;

Human induced extinction of known threatened species is halted, and, by 2050, extinction rate and risk of all species are reduced tenfold and the abundance of native wild species is increased to healthy and resilient levels;

The genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species, is maintained, safeguarding their adaptive potential.

Indicators

Headline indicators:

• A.1 Red List of Ecosystems
• A.2 Extent of natural ecosystems
• A.3 Red List Index
• A.4 The proportion of populations within species with an effective population size > 500

Component indicators:

• Ecosystem Intactness Index
• Ecosystem Integrity Index
• Species Habitat Index
• Biodiversity Habitat Index
• Protected Connected (Protconn) index
• Parc connectedness
• EDGE
• Living Planet Index Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time

Complementary indicators:

• Forest area as a proportion of total land area
• Forest distribution
• Tree cover loss
• Grassland and savannah extent
• Mountain Green Cover Index
• Peatland extent and condition
• Permafrost thickness, depth and extent
• Continuous global mangrove forest cover
• Trends in mangrove forest fragmentation
• Trends in mangrove extent
• Live coral cover
• Hard coral cover and composition
• Global coral reef extent
• Global seagrass extent (Seagrass Cover and composition)
• Global saltmarsh extent
• Kelp canopy extent
• Macroalgal canopy cover and composition
• Cover of key benthic groups
• Fleshy algae cover
• Wetland Extent Trends Index
• Change in the extent of inland water ecosystems over time
• Forest Fragmentation Index
• Forest Landscape Integrity Index
• Biomass of selected natural ecosystems 
• Biodiversity Habitat Index
• Global Vegetation Health Products
• Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI)
• Relative magnitude of fragmentation (RMF)
• Ecosystem Intactness Index
• Biodiversity Intactness Index
• Ocean Health Index
• Extent of physical damage indicator to predominant seafloor habitats physical damage
• Wetland Extent Trends Index
• River Fragmentation Index
• Dendritic Connectivity Index
• Percentage of threatened species that are improving in status according to the Red List
• Number of threatened species by species group
• Wild bird index
• Mean Species Abundance (MSA)
• Species Protection Index
• Changes in plankton biomass and abundance
• Fish abundance and biomass
• Genetic scorecard for wild species
• Species richness/Changes in local terrestrial diversity (PREDICTS)
• Marine species richness
• Comprehensiveness of conservation of socioeconomically as well as culturally valuable species
• Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities
• Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction
• Red List Index (wild relatives of domesticated animals)
• CMS Connectivity Indicator
• Species Status Index
• Intact Wilderness
• Expected Loss of Phylogenetic diversity
• Proportion of populations maintained within species
• Free flowing rivers

Ensure that all areas are under participatory integrated biodiversity inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land and sea use change, to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, including ecosystems of high ecological integrity, close to zero by 2030, while respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicators:

• A.1 Red List of Ecosystems
• A.2 Extent of natural ecosystems
• 1.1 Percent of land and sea area covered by biodiversity-inclusive spatial plans*

Component indicator:

• Priority retention of intact / wilderness areas

 Complementary indicators:

• Number of countries using natural capital accounts in planning processes
• Percentage of spatial plans utilizing information on key biodiversity areas
• Habitat patches located within marine protected areas or integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)
• Other spatial management plans (not captured as ICZM or marine spatial planning)
• Number of countries using ocean accounts in planning processes
• Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation
• Percent of total land area that is under cultivation
• Extent of natural ecosystems by type Number of countries implementing national legislation, policies or other measures regarding FPIC related to conservation
• Ecosystem Integrity Index

 

Ensure that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of areas of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems are under effective restoration, in order to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, ecological integrity and connectivity.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicator:

• 2.2 Area under restoration

Component indicators:

• Extent of natural ecosystems by type
• Maintenance and restoration of connectivity of natural ecosystems

Complementary indicators:

• Habitat distributional range
• Index of Species Rarity Sites, High Biodiversity Areas, Large Mammal Landscapes, Intact Wilderness and Climate Stabilization Areas
• Increase in secondary natural forest cover
• Annual tropical primary tree cover loss
• Forest Landscape Integrity Index
• Global Ecosystem Restoration Index
• Free flowing rivers
• Percentage of cropped landscapes with at least 10 per cent of natural land
• Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI)
• Priority retention of intact / wilderness areas
• Status of key biodiversity areas
• Biodiversity Habitat Index
• Red List Index
• Red List of Ecosystems
• Living Planet Index
• Species Habitat Index