Minimize the impact of climate change and ocean acidification on biodiversity and increase its resilience through mitigation, adaptation, and disaster risk reduction actions, including through nature-based solution and/or ecosystem-based approaches, while minimizing negative and fostering positive impacts of climate action on biodiversity.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicator:

• -

Component indicators:

• Total climate regulation services provided by ecosystems and by ecosystem type (System of Environmental Economic Accounts)
• Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 which include biodiversity
• National greenhouse inventories from land use and land-use change
• BERI

Complementary indicators:

• Above-ground biomass stock in forest (tonnes/ha)
• National greenhouse inventories from land use and land-use change
• Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies
• Number of least developed countries and small island developing States with nationally determined contributions, long-term strategies, national adaptation plans, strategies as reported in adaptation communications and national communications
• Index of coastal eutrophication
• Carbon stocks and annual net greenhouse gas emissions, by land-use category, split by natural and non-natural land cover

Ensure that the management and use of wild species are sustainable, thereby providing social, economic and environmental benefits for people, especially those in vulnerable situations and those most dependent on biodiversity, including through sustainable biodiversity-based activities, products and services that enhance biodiversity, and protecting and encouraging customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicators:

• 9.1 Benefits from the sustainable use of wild species
• 9.2 Percentage of the population in traditional occupations

Component indicators:

• Number of people using wild resources for energy, food or culture (including firewood collection, hunting and fishing, gathering, medicinal use, craft making, etc.)
• Red List Index (species used for food and medicine)
• Living Planet Index for used species

Complementary indicators:

• Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels
• Degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
• Number of MSC Chain of Custody Certification holders by distribution country
• Spawning stock biomass (related to commercially exploited species)
• Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities
• Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/ forestry enterprise size

Ensure that the best available data, information and knowledge, are accessible to decision makers, practitioners and the public to guide effective and equitable governance, integrated and participatory management of biodiversity, and to strengthen communication, awareness-raising, education, monitoring, research and knowledge management and, also in this context, traditional knowledge, innovations, practices and technologies of indigenous peoples and local communities should only be accessed with their free, prior and informed consent, * in accordance with national legislation.

* Free, prior and informed consent refers to the tripartite terminology of “prior and informed consent” or “free, prior and informed consent” or “approval and involvement.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicator:

• 21.1 Indicator on biodiversity information for the monitoring the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Component indicators:

• Species Status Index
• Extent to which (a) global citizenship education and (b) education for sustainable development, including gender equality and human rights, are mainstreamed at all levels in: (i) national education policies, (ii) curricula, (iii) teacher education and (iv) student assessments

Complementary indicators:

• Growth in number of records and species in the Living Planet Index database
• Growth in species occurrence records accessible through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility
• Growth in marine species occurrence records accessible through the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS)
• Proportion of known species assessed through The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
• Number of assessments on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
• World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) bioliteracy survey (Biodiversity literacy in global zoo and aquarium visitors)
• Species Status Information Index