Ensure that all areas are under participatory integrated biodiversity inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land and sea use change, to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, including ecosystems of high ecological integrity, close to zero by 2030, while respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicators:

• A.1 Red List of Ecosystems
• A.2 Extent of natural ecosystems
• 1.1 Percent of land and sea area covered by biodiversity-inclusive spatial plans*

Component indicator:

• Priority retention of intact / wilderness areas

 Complementary indicators:

• Number of countries using natural capital accounts in planning processes
• Percentage of spatial plans utilizing information on key biodiversity areas
• Habitat patches located within marine protected areas or integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)
• Other spatial management plans (not captured as ICZM or marine spatial planning)
• Number of countries using ocean accounts in planning processes
• Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation
• Percent of total land area that is under cultivation
• Extent of natural ecosystems by type Number of countries implementing national legislation, policies or other measures regarding FPIC related to conservation
• Ecosystem Integrity Index

 

Ensure that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of areas of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems are under effective restoration, in order to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, ecological integrity and connectivity.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicator:

• 2.2 Area under restoration

Component indicators:

• Extent of natural ecosystems by type
• Maintenance and restoration of connectivity of natural ecosystems

Complementary indicators:

• Habitat distributional range
• Index of Species Rarity Sites, High Biodiversity Areas, Large Mammal Landscapes, Intact Wilderness and Climate Stabilization Areas
• Increase in secondary natural forest cover
• Annual tropical primary tree cover loss
• Forest Landscape Integrity Index
• Global Ecosystem Restoration Index
• Free flowing rivers
• Percentage of cropped landscapes with at least 10 per cent of natural land
• Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI)
• Priority retention of intact / wilderness areas
• Status of key biodiversity areas
• Biodiversity Habitat Index
• Red List Index
• Red List of Ecosystems
• Living Planet Index
• Species Habitat Index

Ensure and enable that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of terrestrial, inland water, and of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, recognizing indigenous and traditional territories, where applicable, and integrated into wider landscapes, seascapes and the ocean, while ensuring that any sustainable use, where appropriate in such areas, is fully consistent with conservation outcomes, recognizing and respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities including over their traditional territories.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicator:

• 3.1 Coverage of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures

Component indicators:

• Protected area coverage of key biodiversity areas
• Protected Area Management Effectiveness (PAME)
• ProtConn
• Protected Area Connectedness Index (PARC-Connectedness)
• Red List of Ecosystems
• Connectivity Indicator
• The number of protected areas that have completed a site-level assessment of governance and equity (SAGE)
• Species Protection Index

Complementary indicators:

• Protected area downgrading, downsizing and degazettement (PD)
• Status of key biodiversity areas
• IUCN Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas
• Number of hectares of UNESCO designated sites (natural and mixed World Heritage sites and Biosphere Reserves)
• Protected area and other effective area-based conservation measures management effectiveness (MEPCA) indicator
• Protected Area Isolation Index (PAI)
• Protected Areas Network metric (ProNet)
• Extent to which protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures cover key biodiversity areas that are important for migratory species
• Coverage of protected areas and other effective areabased conservation measures and traditional territories (by governance type)
• Ramsar Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (RMETT)
• Percentage of biosphere reserves that have a positive conservation outcome and effective management
• Extent of indigenous peoples and local communities’ lands that have some form of recognition
• Species Protection Index
• Number of countries implementing national legislation, policies or other measures regarding free, prior and informed consent related to conservation
• Red List of Ecosystems
• Proportion of terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecological regions which are conserved by protected areas or other effective area-based conservation measures

Ensure that areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, including through a substantial increase of the application of biodiversity friendly practices, such as sustainable intensification, agroecological and other innovative approaches contributing to the resilience and long-term efficiency and productivity of these production systems and to food security, conserving and restoring biodiversity and maintaining nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicators:

• 10.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture
• 10.2 Progress towards sustainable forest management

Component indicators:

• Area of forest under sustainable management: total forest management certification by the Forest Stewardship Council and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
• Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status

Complementary indicators:

• Agrobiodiversity Index
• Changes in soil organic carbon stocks
• Red List Index (wild relatives of domesticated animals)
• Red List Index (pollinating species)
• Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction
• Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area

Restore, maintain and enhance nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, such as regulation of air, water, and climate, soil health, pollination and reduction of disease risk, as well as protection from natural hazards and disasters, through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches for the benefit of all people and nature.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicator:

• B.1 Services provided by ecosystems*

Component indicators:

• Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons, attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
• Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services
• Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g., PM2.5 and PM10) in cities
• Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality
• Level of water stress

Complementary indicators:

• Air emission accounts
• Proportion of local administrative units with established and operational policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation management
• Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services
• Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution (SDG indicator 3.9.1)

By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality

By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources

By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements

By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world