By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced.

By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity.

By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water, and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes.

By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.

Ensure and enable that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of terrestrial, inland water, and of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, recognizing indigenous and traditional territories, where applicable, and integrated into wider landscapes, seascapes and the ocean, while ensuring that any sustainable use, where appropriate in such areas, is fully consistent with conservation outcomes, recognizing and respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities including over their traditional territories.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicator:

• 3.1 Coverage of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures

Component indicators:

• Protected area coverage of key biodiversity areas
• Protected Area Management Effectiveness (PAME)
• ProtConn
• Protected Area Connectedness Index (PARC-Connectedness)
• Red List of Ecosystems
• Connectivity Indicator
• The number of protected areas that have completed a site-level assessment of governance and equity (SAGE)
• Species Protection Index

Complementary indicators:

• Protected area downgrading, downsizing and degazettement (PD)
• Status of key biodiversity areas
• IUCN Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas
• Number of hectares of UNESCO designated sites (natural and mixed World Heritage sites and Biosphere Reserves)
• Protected area and other effective area-based conservation measures management effectiveness (MEPCA) indicator
• Protected Area Isolation Index (PAI)
• Protected Areas Network metric (ProNet)
• Extent to which protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures cover key biodiversity areas that are important for migratory species
• Coverage of protected areas and other effective areabased conservation measures and traditional territories (by governance type)
• Ramsar Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (RMETT)
• Percentage of biosphere reserves that have a positive conservation outcome and effective management
• Extent of indigenous peoples and local communities’ lands that have some form of recognition
• Species Protection Index
• Number of countries implementing national legislation, policies or other measures regarding free, prior and informed consent related to conservation
• Red List of Ecosystems
• Proportion of terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecological regions which are conserved by protected areas or other effective area-based conservation measures

Ensure urgent management actions, to halt human induced extinction of known threatened species and for the recovery and conservation of species, in particular threatened species, to significantly reduce extinction risk, as well as to maintain and restore the genetic diversity within and between populations of native, wild and domesticated species to maintain their adaptive potential, including through in situ and ex situ conservation and sustainable management practices, and effectively manage human-wildlife interactions to minimize human-wildlife conflict for coexistence.

• Guidance note

Indicators:

Headline indicators:

• A.3 Red list Index
• A.4 The proportion of populations within species with an effective population size > 500

Component indicators:

• Living Planet Index
• Number of plant and animal genetic resources secured in medium or long-term conservation facilities
• Trends in effective and sustainable management of human-wildlife conflict and coexistence
• Green Status of Species Index
• Conservation status of species listed in the CITES Appendices has stabilized or improved

Complementary indicators:

• Species threat abatement and restoration metric
• Changing status of evolutionary distinct and globally endangered species (EDGE Index)
• Percentage of threatened species that are improving in status
• Number of CMS daughter agreements
• Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction
• Red List Index (wild relatives of domesticated animals)
• Rate of invasive alien species establishment

Ensure that areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, including through a substantial increase of the application of biodiversity friendly practices, such as sustainable intensification, agroecological and other innovative approaches contributing to the resilience and long-term efficiency and productivity of these production systems and to food security, conserving and restoring biodiversity and maintaining nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicators:

• 10.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture
• 10.2 Progress towards sustainable forest management

Component indicators:

• Area of forest under sustainable management: total forest management certification by the Forest Stewardship Council and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
• Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status

Complementary indicators:

• Agrobiodiversity Index
• Changes in soil organic carbon stocks
• Red List Index (wild relatives of domesticated animals)
• Red List Index (pollinating species)
• Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction
• Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area

By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes

Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage

Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning

By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels

Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries

By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans

By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements

By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally

By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world

By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development