By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced.

By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning.

By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.

By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable.

By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to combating desertification.

To mitigate, adapt to, and manage the effects of drought in order to enhance resilience of vulnerable populations and ecosystems 

Indicators

UNCCD indicators:

• SO 3-1 Trends in the proportion of land under drought over the total land area
• SO 3-2 Trends in the proportion of the total population exposed to drought
• SO 3-3 Trends in the degree of drought vulnerability

SDG indicators:

• -

CBD indicators:

• -

There is a significant increase in area, numbers and ecological connectivity in the Ramsar Site network, in particular under-represented types of wetlands including in under-represented ecoregions and Transboundary Sites.

Baseline

• By COP12, 2,186 Ramsar Sites have been designated. (Ramsar Sites database).
• By COP12 2,085,000 ha of Ramsar Sites have been designated. (Ramsar Sites database).
• By COP12 [16] transboundary Ramsar Sites have been designated. (Ramsar Secretariat).
• By COP12, Ramsar Sites have been designated for the following under-represented Ramsar Sites:
  • Karst and other subterranean hydrological systems – [110 Sites]
  • Coral reefs – [96 Sites]
  • Wet grasslands – [517 Sites]
  • Peatlands – [564 Sites]
  • Sea-grass beds – [249 Sites]
  • Mangroves – [280 Sites]
  • Temporary Pools – [729 Sites]
  • Bivalve (shellfish) reefs – [99 Sites]
  • (Ramsar Sites database, June 2015).

Indicator

• Number of Ramsar sites that have been designated. (Data source: Ramsar Sites database).
• Total hectares of Ramsar sites that have been designated. (Data source: Ramsar Sites database).
• Number of transboundary Ramsar Sites that have been designated. (Data source: Ramsar Sites database).
• Number of Ramsar Sites designated for the following underrepresented wetland types:
  • Karst and other subterranean hydrological systems – [XXX Sites]
  • Coral reefs – [XXX Sites]
  • Wet grasslands – [XXX Sites]
  • Peatlands – [XXX Sites]
  • Sea-grass beds – [XXX Sites]
  • Mangroves – [XXX Sites] T
  • emporary Pools – [XXX Sites]
  • Bivalve (shellfish) reefs – [XXX Sites]
  • (Data source: Ramsar Sites database).

Sites that are at risk of change of ecological character have threats addressed.

Baseline

• At COP12, [47] Ramsar Sites (2.2%) are listed on the Montreux Record. (Report of the Secretary General pursuant to Article 8.2 COP12 Doc.7).
• 21% of Parties have reported to the Ramsar Secretariat all cases of negative human- induced change or likely change in the ecological character of Ramsar sites pursuant to Article 3.2. (National Reports to COP12).
• [76] Ramsar Sites reported by Parties to the Ramsar Secretariat of negative human-induced change or likely change in the ecological character of Ramsar Sites pursuant to Article 3.2. (Data source: Report of the Secretary General pursuant to Article 8.2 COP12 Doc.7).
• 16% of Parties have taken actions to address the issues for which Ramsar sites have been listed on the Montreux Record. (National Reports to COP12).

Indicator

• Number of Ramsar Sites removed from the Montreux Record. (Data source: Ramsar Site database).
• % of Parties reporting to the Ramsar Secretariat all cases of negative human-induced change or likely change in the ecological character of Ramsar Sites pursuant to Article 3.2. (Data source: National Reports).
• Number of Ramsar Sites reported by Parties to the Ramsar Secretariat of negative human-induced change or likely change in the ecological character of Ramsar Sites pursuant to Article 3.2. (Data source: National Reports).
• % of Parties that have taken actions to address the issues for which Ramsar Sites have been listed on the Montreux Record. (National Reports to COP12).

Possible further indicators that may be developed

• {Indicator(s) relating to (numbers of) Ramsar Sites at risk}

Wetlands conservation and wise use are mainstreamed through communication, capacity development, education, participation and awareness.

Baseline

World Wetland Day

• 89% of Parties have branded Word Wetlands Day activities. (National Reports to COP12).
• In 2015 884 World Wetland Day activities or events reported to the Secretariat. (Data source: Ramsar Secretariat CEPA program)
• In 2015, [379} internet references (in the press) to World Wetland Day activities. (Data source: Meltwater internet analysis).
• In 2015, [58, 566} individual visits to the World Wetlands Day website. {Data source: worldwetlandsday.org website }.
• In 2015 Social media links to World Wetland Day: 16,135,974 people reached in FaceBook . (Data source: https://www.facebook.com/RamsarConventionOnWetlands) .
• 795 views of WWD message from Youtube channel (Data source Ramsar Youtube Channel https://www.youtube.com/user/RamsarConvention)
• 292,100 reached in Twitter (Data source https://twitter.com/RamsarConv)

CEPA programmes

• 80% of Parties with a) a governmental CEPA National Focal Point and 69% of Parties with b) a non-governmental National Focal Point. (Data source: Ramsar Secretariat Data Base and National Reports to COP12).
• 27% of Parties have established national action plans for wetland CEPA. (National Reports to COP12).

Visitor centres

• By COP12, 636 centres (visitor centres, interpretation centres, education centres) have been established in Ramsar sites. (National Reports to COP12).
• By COP12, 309 centres established at other wetlands. (National Reports to COP12).

Indicator

World Wetland Day

• % of Parties that have branded World Wetlands Day activities. (Data source: National Reports).
• Number of World Wetland Day activities or events reported to the Secretariat. (Data source: Ramsar CEPA program).
• Number of internet references to World Wetland Day activities. {Data source: internet analysis}.
• Number of internet references to the Ramsar Convention. {Data source: internet analysis}.
• Number of social media links to World Wetland Day. {Data source: social media analysis}.

CEPA programmes

• % of Parties with a) a governmental CEPA National Focal Point and b) a non-governmental National Focal Point (Data source: National Reports).
• % of Parties that have established national action plans for wetland CEPA. (Data source: National Reports).

Visitor centres

• Number of centres (visitor centres, interpretation centres, education centres) have been established in Ramsar Sites. (Data source: National Reports).
• Number of centres at other wetlands. (Data source: National Reports).

Possible further indicators that may be developed

• {Indicator(s) related to whether and how wetland conservation and wise-use issues are included formal education programmes}

Capacity building for implementation of the Convention and the 4th Ramsar Strategic Plan 2016 – 2024 is enhanced.

Baseline

• 20% of Parties have made and assessment of national and local training needs for the implementation of the Convention. (National Reports to COP12).

Indicator

• % of Parties that have made an assessment of national and local training needs for the implementation of the Convention. (National Reports to COP12).