By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.

By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable.

By 2020, the traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and their customary use of biological resources, are respected, subject to national legislation and relevant international obligations, and fully integrated and reflected in the implementation of the Convention with the full and effective participation of indigenous and local communities, at all relevant levels.

By 2020, knowledge, the science base and technologies relating to biodiversity, its values, functioning, status and trends, and the consequences of its loss, are improved, widely shared and transferred, and applied.

Ensure that all areas are under participatory integrated biodiversity inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land and sea use change, to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, including ecosystems of high ecological integrity, close to zero by 2030, while respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicators:

• A.1 Red List of Ecosystems
• A.2 Extent of natural ecosystems
• 1.1 Percent of land and sea area covered by biodiversity-inclusive spatial plans*

Component indicator:

• Priority retention of intact / wilderness areas

 Complementary indicators:

• Number of countries using natural capital accounts in planning processes
• Percentage of spatial plans utilizing information on key biodiversity areas
• Habitat patches located within marine protected areas or integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)
• Other spatial management plans (not captured as ICZM or marine spatial planning)
• Number of countries using ocean accounts in planning processes
• Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation
• Percent of total land area that is under cultivation
• Extent of natural ecosystems by type Number of countries implementing national legislation, policies or other measures regarding FPIC related to conservation
• Ecosystem Integrity Index

 

Ensure that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of areas of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems are under effective restoration, in order to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, ecological integrity and connectivity.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicator:

• 2.2 Area under restoration

Component indicators:

• Extent of natural ecosystems by type
• Maintenance and restoration of connectivity of natural ecosystems

Complementary indicators:

• Habitat distributional range
• Index of Species Rarity Sites, High Biodiversity Areas, Large Mammal Landscapes, Intact Wilderness and Climate Stabilization Areas
• Increase in secondary natural forest cover
• Annual tropical primary tree cover loss
• Forest Landscape Integrity Index
• Global Ecosystem Restoration Index
• Free flowing rivers
• Percentage of cropped landscapes with at least 10 per cent of natural land
• Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI)
• Priority retention of intact / wilderness areas
• Status of key biodiversity areas
• Biodiversity Habitat Index
• Red List Index
• Red List of Ecosystems
• Living Planet Index
• Species Habitat Index

Ensure urgent management actions, to halt human induced extinction of known threatened species and for the recovery and conservation of species, in particular threatened species, to significantly reduce extinction risk, as well as to maintain and restore the genetic diversity within and between populations of native, wild and domesticated species to maintain their adaptive potential, including through in situ and ex situ conservation and sustainable management practices, and effectively manage human-wildlife interactions to minimize human-wildlife conflict for coexistence.

• Guidance note

Indicators:

Headline indicators:

• A.3 Red list Index
• A.4 The proportion of populations within species with an effective population size > 500

Component indicators:

• Living Planet Index
• Number of plant and animal genetic resources secured in medium or long-term conservation facilities
• Trends in effective and sustainable management of human-wildlife conflict and coexistence
• Green Status of Species Index
• Conservation status of species listed in the CITES Appendices has stabilized or improved

Complementary indicators:

• Species threat abatement and restoration metric
• Changing status of evolutionary distinct and globally endangered species (EDGE Index)
• Percentage of threatened species that are improving in status
• Number of CMS daughter agreements
• Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction
• Red List Index (wild relatives of domesticated animals)
• Rate of invasive alien species establishment

Ensure that the best available data, information and knowledge, are accessible to decision makers, practitioners and the public to guide effective and equitable governance, integrated and participatory management of biodiversity, and to strengthen communication, awareness-raising, education, monitoring, research and knowledge management and, also in this context, traditional knowledge, innovations, practices and technologies of indigenous peoples and local communities should only be accessed with their free, prior and informed consent, * in accordance with national legislation.

* Free, prior and informed consent refers to the tripartite terminology of “prior and informed consent” or “free, prior and informed consent” or “approval and involvement.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicator:

• 21.1 Indicator on biodiversity information for the monitoring the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Component indicators:

• Species Status Index
• Extent to which (a) global citizenship education and (b) education for sustainable development, including gender equality and human rights, are mainstreamed at all levels in: (i) national education policies, (ii) curricula, (iii) teacher education and (iv) student assessments

Complementary indicators:

• Growth in number of records and species in the Living Planet Index database
• Growth in species occurrence records accessible through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility
• Growth in marine species occurrence records accessible through the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS)
• Proportion of known species assessed through The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
• Number of assessments on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
• World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) bioliteracy survey (Biodiversity literacy in global zoo and aquarium visitors)
• Species Status Information Index

By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes

Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage

By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information

By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements