Adequate means of implementation, including financial resources, capacity-building, technical and scientific cooperation, and access to and transfer of technology to fully implement the Kunming-Montreal global biodiversity framework are secured and equitably accessible to all Parties, especially developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, progressively closing the biodiversity finance gap of 700 billion dollars per year, and aligning financial flows with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity.

Indicators

Headline indicators

• D.1 International public funding, including official development assistance (ODA) for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems
• D.2 Domestic public funding on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems
• D.3 Private funding (domestic and international) on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems*

Component indicator

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Complementary indicators

• Financial and technical assistance provided in dollars (including through South-South, North-South and triangular cooperation)
• Finance mobilized for promoting the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of technology
• Number of scientists per population
• Joint scientific papers published (in Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS)) by sector 
• Nationally maintained research vessels
• Proportion of total research budget allocated to research in the field of marine technology
• Volume of official development assistance flows for scholarships by sector and type of study
• Global imports of information and communication technology (ICT) goods as presented by bilateral trade flows by ICT goods categories
• Total amount of funding for developing countries to promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies

Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems

Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation

Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development

Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the Sustainable Development Goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation