The integrity, connectivity and resilience of all ecosystems are maintained, enhanced, or restored, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by 2050;

Human induced extinction of known threatened species is halted, and, by 2050, extinction rate and risk of all species are reduced tenfold and the abundance of native wild species is increased to healthy and resilient levels;

The genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species, is maintained, safeguarding their adaptive potential.

Indicators

Headline indicators:

• A.1 Red List of Ecosystems
• A.2 Extent of natural ecosystems
• A.3 Red List Index
• A.4 The proportion of populations within species with an effective population size > 500

Component indicators:

• Ecosystem Intactness Index
• Ecosystem Integrity Index
• Species Habitat Index
• Biodiversity Habitat Index
• Protected Connected (Protconn) index
• Parc connectedness
• EDGE
• Living Planet Index Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time

Complementary indicators:

• Forest area as a proportion of total land area
• Forest distribution
• Tree cover loss
• Grassland and savannah extent
• Mountain Green Cover Index
• Peatland extent and condition
• Permafrost thickness, depth and extent
• Continuous global mangrove forest cover
• Trends in mangrove forest fragmentation
• Trends in mangrove extent
• Live coral cover
• Hard coral cover and composition
• Global coral reef extent
• Global seagrass extent (Seagrass Cover and composition)
• Global saltmarsh extent
• Kelp canopy extent
• Macroalgal canopy cover and composition
• Cover of key benthic groups
• Fleshy algae cover
• Wetland Extent Trends Index
• Change in the extent of inland water ecosystems over time
• Forest Fragmentation Index
• Forest Landscape Integrity Index
• Biomass of selected natural ecosystems 
• Biodiversity Habitat Index
• Global Vegetation Health Products
• Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI)
• Relative magnitude of fragmentation (RMF)
• Ecosystem Intactness Index
• Biodiversity Intactness Index
• Ocean Health Index
• Extent of physical damage indicator to predominant seafloor habitats physical damage
• Wetland Extent Trends Index
• River Fragmentation Index
• Dendritic Connectivity Index
• Percentage of threatened species that are improving in status according to the Red List
• Number of threatened species by species group
• Wild bird index
• Mean Species Abundance (MSA)
• Species Protection Index
• Changes in plankton biomass and abundance
• Fish abundance and biomass
• Genetic scorecard for wild species
• Species richness/Changes in local terrestrial diversity (PREDICTS)
• Marine species richness
• Comprehensiveness of conservation of socioeconomically as well as culturally valuable species
• Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities
• Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction
• Red List Index (wild relatives of domesticated animals)
• CMS Connectivity Indicator
• Species Status Index
• Intact Wilderness
• Expected Loss of Phylogenetic diversity
• Proportion of populations maintained within species
• Free flowing rivers

Ensure urgent management actions, to halt human induced extinction of known threatened species and for the recovery and conservation of species, in particular threatened species, to significantly reduce extinction risk, as well as to maintain and restore the genetic diversity within and between populations of native, wild and domesticated species to maintain their adaptive potential, including through in situ and ex situ conservation and sustainable management practices, and effectively manage human-wildlife interactions to minimize human-wildlife conflict for coexistence.

• Guidance note

Indicators:

Headline indicators:

• A.3 Red list Index
• A.4 The proportion of populations within species with an effective population size > 500

Component indicators:

• Living Planet Index
• Number of plant and animal genetic resources secured in medium or long-term conservation facilities
• Trends in effective and sustainable management of human-wildlife conflict and coexistence
• Green Status of Species Index
• Conservation status of species listed in the CITES Appendices has stabilized or improved

Complementary indicators:

• Species threat abatement and restoration metric
• Changing status of evolutionary distinct and globally endangered species (EDGE Index)
• Percentage of threatened species that are improving in status
• Number of CMS daughter agreements
• Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction
• Red List Index (wild relatives of domesticated animals)
• Rate of invasive alien species establishment

Ensure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems, and reducing the risk of pathogen spill-over, applying the ecosystem approach, while respecting and protecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicator:

• 5.1 Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels

Component indicators:

• Red List Index for used species
• Living Planet Index for used species
• Sustainable use of wild species

Complementary indicators:

• Sustainable watershed and inland fisheries index
• Red List Index (for internationally traded species and for migratory species)
• Marine Stewardship Council Fish catch
• Total catch of cetaceans under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
• By-catch of vulnerable and non-target species
• Degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
• Proportion of legal and illegal wildlife trade consisting of species threatened with extinction
• Illegal trade by CITES species classification
• Number of countries incorporating trade in their national biodiversity policy
• Proportion of terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecological regions which are conserved by protected areas or other effective area-based conservation measures
• Implementation of measures designed to minimize the impacts of fisheries and hunting on migratory species and their habitats
• Number of MSC Chain of Custody Certification holders by distribution country
• Trends of trade and commercialization in biodiversity-based products that is sustainable and legal (in line with BioTrade Principles and/or CITES requirements)

Ensure that the management and use of wild species are sustainable, thereby providing social, economic and environmental benefits for people, especially those in vulnerable situations and those most dependent on biodiversity, including through sustainable biodiversity-based activities, products and services that enhance biodiversity, and protecting and encouraging customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicators:

• 9.1 Benefits from the sustainable use of wild species
• 9.2 Percentage of the population in traditional occupations

Component indicators:

• Number of people using wild resources for energy, food or culture (including firewood collection, hunting and fishing, gathering, medicinal use, craft making, etc.)
• Red List Index (species used for food and medicine)
• Living Planet Index for used species

Complementary indicators:

• Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels
• Degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
• Number of MSC Chain of Custody Certification holders by distribution country
• Spawning stock biomass (related to commercially exploited species)
• Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities
• Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/ forestry enterprise size

Ensure that areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, including through a substantial increase of the application of biodiversity friendly practices, such as sustainable intensification, agroecological and other innovative approaches contributing to the resilience and long-term efficiency and productivity of these production systems and to food security, conserving and restoring biodiversity and maintaining nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicators:

• 10.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture
• 10.2 Progress towards sustainable forest management

Component indicators:

• Area of forest under sustainable management: total forest management certification by the Forest Stewardship Council and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
• Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status

Complementary indicators:

• Agrobiodiversity Index
• Changes in soil organic carbon stocks
• Red List Index (wild relatives of domesticated animals)
• Red List Index (pollinating species)
• Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction
• Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area

End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources

Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans

By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics

Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements

By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally

Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species

Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities