Mapping with Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

GBF Goal A

The integrity, connectivity and resilience of all ecosystems are maintained, enhanced, or restored, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by 2050;

Human induced extinction of known threatened species is halted, and, by 2050, extinction rate and risk of all species are reduced tenfold and the abundance of native wild species is increased to healthy and resilient levels;

The genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species, is maintained, safeguarding their adaptive potential.

Indicators

Headline indicators:

A.1 Red List of Ecosystems
A.2 Extent of natural ecosystems
A.3 Red List Index
A.4 The proportion of populations within species with an effective population size > 500

Component indicators:

Ecosystem Intactness Index
Ecosystem Integrity Index
Species Habitat Index
Biodiversity Habitat Index
Protected Connected (Protconn) index
Parc connectedness
EDGE
Living Planet Index Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time

Complementary indicators:

Forest area as a proportion of total land area
Forest distribution
Tree cover loss
Grassland and savannah extent
Mountain Green Cover Index
Peatland extent and condition
Permafrost thickness, depth and extent
Continuous global mangrove forest cover
Trends in mangrove forest fragmentation
Trends in mangrove extent
Live coral cover
Hard coral cover and composition
Global coral reef extent
Global seagrass extent (Seagrass Cover and composition)
Global saltmarsh extent
Kelp canopy extent
Macroalgal canopy cover and composition
Cover of key benthic groups
Fleshy algae cover
Wetland Extent Trends Index
Change in the extent of inland water ecosystems over time
Forest Fragmentation Index
Forest Landscape Integrity Index
Biomass of selected natural ecosystems
Biodiversity Habitat Index
Global Vegetation Health Products
Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI)
Relative magnitude of fragmentation (RMF)
Ecosystem Intactness Index
Biodiversity Intactness Index
Ocean Health Index
Extent of physical damage indicator to predominant seafloor habitats physical damage
Wetland Extent Trends Index
River Fragmentation Index
Dendritic Connectivity Index
Percentage of threatened species that are improving in status according to the Red List
Number of threatened species by species group
Wild bird index
Mean Species Abundance (MSA)
Species Protection Index
Changes in plankton biomass and abundance
Fish abundance and biomass
Genetic scorecard for wild species
Species richness/Changes in local terrestrial diversity (PREDICTS)
Marine species richness
Comprehensiveness of conservation of socioeconomically as well as culturally valuable species
Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities
Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction
Red List Index (wild relatives of domesticated animals)
CMS Connectivity Indicator
Species Status Index
Intact Wilderness
Expected Loss of Phylogenetic diversity
Proportion of populations maintained within species
Free flowing rivers

GBF Target 4

Ensure urgent management actions, to halt human induced extinction of known threatened species and for the recovery and conservation of species, in particular threatened species, to significantly reduce extinction risk, as well as to maintain and restore the genetic diversity within and between populations of native, wild and domesticated species to maintain their adaptive potential, including through in situ and ex situ conservation and sustainable management practices, and effectively manage human-wildlife interactions to minimize human-wildlife conflict for coexistence.

Guidance note

Indicators:

Headline indicators:

A.3 Red list Index
A.4 The proportion of populations within species with an effective population size > 500

Component indicators:

Living Planet Index
Number of plant and animal genetic resources secured in medium or long-term conservation facilities
Trends in effective and sustainable management of human-wildlife conflict and coexistence
Green Status of Species Index
Conservation status of species listed in the CITES Appendices has stabilized or improved

Complementary indicators:

Species threat abatement and restoration metric
Changing status of evolutionary distinct and globally endangered species (EDGE Index)
Percentage of threatened species that are improving in status
Number of CMS daughter agreements
Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction
Red List Index (wild relatives of domesticated animals)
Rate of invasive alien species establishment

GBF Target 5

Ensure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems, and reducing the risk of pathogen spill-over, applying the ecosystem approach, while respecting and protecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.

Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicator:

5.1 Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels

Component indicators:

Red List Index for used species
Living Planet Index for used species
Sustainable use of wild species

Complementary indicators:

Sustainable watershed and inland fisheries index
Red List Index (for internationally traded species and for migratory species)
Marine Stewardship Council Fish catch
Total catch of cetaceans under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
By-catch of vulnerable and non-target species
Degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
Proportion of legal and illegal wildlife trade consisting of species threatened with extinction
Illegal trade by CITES species classification
Number of countries incorporating trade in their national biodiversity policy
Proportion of terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecological regions which are conserved by protected areas or other effective area-based conservation measures
Implementation of measures designed to minimize the impacts of fisheries and hunting on migratory species and their habitats
Number of MSC Chain of Custody Certification holders by distribution country
Trends of trade and commercialization in biodiversity-based products that is sustainable and legal (in line with BioTrade Principles and/or CITES requirements)

GBF Target 9

Ensure that the management and use of wild species are sustainable, thereby providing social, economic and environmental benefits for people, especially those in vulnerable situations and those most dependent on biodiversity, including through sustainable biodiversity-based activities, products and services that enhance biodiversity, and protecting and encouraging customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.

Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicators:

9.1 Benefits from the sustainable use of wild species
9.2 Percentage of the population in traditional occupations

Component indicators:

Number of people using wild resources for energy, food or culture (including firewood collection, hunting and fishing, gathering, medicinal use, craft making, etc.)
Red List Index (species used for food and medicine)
Living Planet Index for used species

Complementary indicators:

Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels
Degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
Number of MSC Chain of Custody Certification holders by distribution country
Spawning stock biomass (related to commercially exploited species)
Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities
Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/ forestry enterprise size

GBF Target 10

Ensure that areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, including through a substantial increase of the application of biodiversity friendly practices, such as sustainable intensification, agroecological and other innovative approaches contributing to the resilience and long-term efficiency and productivity of these production systems and to food security, conserving and restoring biodiversity and maintaining nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services.

Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicators:

10.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture
10.2 Progress towards sustainable forest management

Component indicators:

Area of forest under sustainable management: total forest management certification by the Forest Stewardship Council and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status

Complementary indicators:

Agrobiodiversity Index
Changes in soil organic carbon stocks
Red List Index (wild relatives of domesticated animals)
Red List Index (pollinating species)
Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction
Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area

Mapping with Sustainable Development Goals

SDG Goal 12

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

SDG Target 12.2

By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources

SDG Goal 14

Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

SDG Target 14.2

By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans

SDG Target 14.c

Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of “The future we want”

SDG Goal 15

Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

SDG Target 15.1

By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements

SDG Target 15.2

By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally

SDG Target 15.5

Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species

SDG Target 15.7

Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products

SDG Target 15.c

Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities

Objective 1.3 Implementation of the Convention at the national level is consistent with Resolutions and Decisions adopted by the CoP

Objective 1.3 Implementation of the Convention at the national level is consistent with Resolutions and Decisions adopted by the CoP