到2020年，所有鱼群和无脊椎动物种群及水生植物都以可持续和合法的方式进行管理和捕捞，并采用基于生态系统的方式，以避免过度捕捞，同时对所有枯竭物种制定恢复计划和措施，使渔业对受威胁鱼群和脆弱生态系统不产生有害影响，将渔业对种群、物种和生态系统的影响控制在安全的生态阈值范围内。

Indicators

• Indicator 10: Percentage of national in situ conservation sites with management plans addressing crop wild relatives and wild food plants
• Indicator 11: Number of actions with institutional support addressing in situ conservation and management of crop wild relatives and wild food plants
• Indicator 12: Number of crop wild relatives and wild food plants species actively conserved in situ

到2030年，实现自然资源的可持续管理和高效利用

到2020年，有效规范捕捞活动，终止过度捕捞、非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动以及破坏性捕捞做法，执行科学的管理计划，以便在尽可能短的时间内使鱼群量至少恢复到其生态特征允许的能产生最高可持续产量的水平

到2030年，增加小岛屿发展中国家和最不发达国家通过可持续利用海洋资源获得的经济收益，包括可持续地管理渔业、水产养殖业和旅游业

到2020年，推动对所有类型森林进行可持续管理，停止毁林，恢复退化的森林，大幅增加全球植树造林和重新造林

采取紧急行动，终止偷猎和贩卖受保护的动植物物种，处理非法野生动植物产品的供求问题

在全球加大支持力度，打击偷猎和贩卖受保护物种，包括增加地方社区实现可持续生计的机会

Explanation:Based on the best available knowledge and information, the main drivers of illegal and unsustainable take are identified and analysed for each migratory species to provide a basis for effective conservation and/or management actions, including cooperative actions beyond Range State jurisdictions. Interventions to effectively address the main drivers are undertaken in consultation with relevant stakeholders, indigenous peoples and local communities, and include protection measures for species listed in Appendix I through national legislation, comprehensive and effective enforcement, and management measures to halt illegal and unsustainable take. As a result, there will be no taking of any Appendix I species that is not in compliance with the Convention. Furthermore, steps will be taken towards eliminating any unsustainable take of Appendix II species and non-target CMS-listed migratory species that may also be affected, and towards reducing the risk of pathogen spillover to or from CMS-listed species to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases. Actions are also taken towards eliminating the incidental mortality such as from bycatch.

Explanation: Parties can demonstrate that they have national legislation, policies and plans in place that enables them to fully implement the obligations under CMS, especially Articles III and IV. Furthermore, Parties can provide evidence of comprehensive and effective enforcement of the legislation. 

The ecological character of Ramsar sites is maintained or restored, through effective planning and integrated management.

Baseline

• At COP12, 973 Ramsar Sites have implemented management plans. (National Reports to COP12).
• Number of Ramsar Sites that have effective, implemented management plans. (Data source: new National Report question).
• 27% of Parties have made assessments of effective management of Ramsar sites. (National Reports to COP12).
• 43% (950 of Ramsar Sites have updated Ramsar Information Sheets. (Report of the Secretary General pursuant to Article 8.2 COP12 Doc.7).

Indicator

• Number of Ramsar Sites that have effective, implemented management plans. (Data source: National Report).
• Number of Ramsar Sites that have effective, implemented management planning. (Data source: new National Report question).
• % of Parties that have made assessments of effective management of Ramsar Sites. (Data source: National Reports).
• % of Ramsar Sites that have updated Ramsar Information Sheets. (Data source: Ramsar Sites database).

Possible further indicators that may be developed

• {Coverage of wetland dependent bird populations by designated Ramsar Sites. Indicator from Resolution IX.1 to be developed}.
• {Coverage of wetland dependent non-avian populations by designated Ramsar Sites. Indicator from Resolution IX.1 to be developed}.
• {% loss of IUCN Red Listed species from Ramsar Sites}

 Objective 1.1 Parties comply with their obligations under the Convention through the adoption and implementation of appropriate legislation, policies, and procedures.

Indicator

• Indicator 1.1.1: Number of Parties that are in category 1 under the national legislation project.
• Indicator 1.1.2: Number of Parties subject to CITES recommendations to suspend trade.

Objective 1.3 Implementation of the Convention at the national level is consistent with Resolutions and Decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties.

Indicator

• Indicator 1.3.1: Number of Parties that have implemented relevant reporting under Resolutions and Decisions of the Conference of the Parties and/or Standing Committee recommendations.

Objective 1.4 The Appendices correctly reflect the conservation status and needs of species.

Objective 1.5 Parties improve the conservation status of CITES-listed specimens, put in place national conservation actions, support their sustainable use and promote cooperation in managing shared wildlife resources.

Indicator

• Indicator 1.5.1: The conservation status of species listed on the CITES Appendices has stabilized or improved.
• Indicator 1.5.2: Number of CITES-listed species for which Parties have put in place actions that support sustainable use

Rational

Trade in plants and plant products is a critically important part of most national economies. It is evident that earnings from this trade stimulate economic growth and brings well-being and prosperity to rural communities and agricultural sectors. The main potential pathway for the global spread of pests is through international trade, so the IPPC aims to maximize the benefits of trade by enabling countries to reduce the risk of international pest spread through the application of harmonized phytosanitary standards. IPPC standards help countries to develop import and export systems that manage the pest risks associated with trade in plants and plant products. When properly implemented, trade can occur safely (i.e. without spreading plant pests).

C1: Commodity-specific standards with harmonized phytosanitary measures have facilitated and accelerated trade negotiations and simplified safe trade in plant products.

C2: Detections of pests in trade pathways are declining as exporting countries take more responsibility for managing the pest risk associated with exports, and importing countries report detections more quickly and more consistently.

C3: NPPOs have built capacity and been supported to establish phytosanitary export assurance and phytosanitary certification systems that are robust and are trusted by trading partners.

C4: The efficiency of administering phytosanitary certification systems has improved and the circulation of fraudulent certificates has been eliminated through electronic phytosanitary certification systems including the generic ePhyto national system and the global ePhyto hub.

C5: NPPOs have access to expert advice to enable resolution of bilateral trade concerns of a phytosanitary nature.

C6: NPPOs are able to meet regularly to deliberate on phytosanitary research and emerging issues and other matters of common interest.

Key result C7: Contracting parties have legislation in place to enable implementation of ePhyto.