By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced.

By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity.

By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity

By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning.

By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.

By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and of wild relatives, including other socio-economically as well as culturally valuable species, is maintained, and strategies have been developed and implemented for minimizing genetic erosion and safeguarding their genetic diversity.

By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable.

By 2015, the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization is in force and operational, consistent with national legislation.

Reduce pollution risks and the negative impact of pollution from all sources, by2030, to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects, including: reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment by at least half including through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half including through integrated pest management, based on science, taking into account food security and livelihoods; and also preventing,reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicators:

• 7.1 Index of coastal eutrophication potential
• 7.2 Pesticide environment concentration*

Component indicators:

• Fertilizer use
• Proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater flow safely treated
• Floating plastic debris density (by micro and macro plastics)
• Red List Index (impact of pollution)

Complementary indicators:

• Trends in loss of reactive nitrogen to the environment 
• Trends in nitrogen deposition Municipal solid waste collected and managed
• Hazardous waste generation
• Trends in the amount of litter, including microplastics, in the water column and on the seafloor
• Index of coastal eutrophication
• Plastic debris density

Ensure that people are encouraged and enabled to make sustainable consumption choices including by establishing supportive policy, legislative or regulatory frameworks, improving education and access to relevant and accurate information and alternatives, and by 2030, reduce the global footprint of consumption in an equitable manner, including through halving global food waste, significantly reducing overconsumption and substantially reducing waste generation, in order for all people to live well in harmony with Mother Earth.

• Guidance note

Indicators

Headline indicator:

• -

Component indicators:

• Food waste Index
• Material footprint per capita
• Global environmental impacts of consumption
• Ecological footprint

Complementary indicators:

• Extent to which (a) global citizenship education and (b) education for sustainable development, including gender equality and human rights, are mainstreamed at all levels in: (i) national education policies; (ii) curricula; (iii) teacher education; and (iv) student assessments
• Recycling rate
• Life cycle Impact assessment (LCIA) e.g. LIME; Lifecycle impact assessment method based on endpoint modelling
• Levels of poverty in developing communities